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Crack growth behavior of steel S235 under proportional and non-proportional fatigue loading

The prediction of the crack growth behaviour especially under non-proportional fatigue loading is still a challenging task today. In order to enlarge the respective database and to gain more insights, fatigue experiments using tubes made out of steel S235 have been performed [1]. Due to the constant wall thickness of the tubes, geometrical effects can be excluded. A slot has been introduced into the tubes. By this, the position of crack initiation has been localized and short crack initiation phases and longer crack growth phases have been achieved. Five different types of loading have been investigated: pure axial loading, pure torsional loading and combined axial-torsional loading, whereby the loads have been applied proportional as well as out-of-phase with phase angles of 45° and…

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The prediction of the crack growth behaviour especially under non-proportional fatigue loading is still a challenging task today. In order to enlarge the respective database and to gain more insights, fatigue experiments using tubes made out of steel S235 have been performed [1]. Due to the constant wall thickness of the tubes, geometrical effects can be excluded. A slot has been introduced into the tubes. By this, the position of crack initiation has been localized and short crack initiation phases and longer crack growth phases have been achieved. Five different types of loading have been investigated: pure axial loading, pure torsional loading and combined axial-torsional loading, whereby the loads have been applied proportional as well as out-of-phase with phase angles of 45° and 90°. The amplitude of the loadings has been kept constant in order to eliminate load sequence effects.

Within the experiments, the crack initiation life and location as well as the crack growth behaviour in terms of life and crack path have been recorded.

Depending on the type of loading, two to four cracks initiate at different positions of the slot. In general, these locations correlate well with the location of the maximum circumferential stress in the notch for the respective loading, which have been determined by linear-elastic finite element analyses.

Under pure tension-compression loading and pure torsional loading the expected crack growth behavior can be observed. The crack growth behavior of specimens under proportional and out-of-phase loading with a phase angle of 45° are similar. Under out-of-phase loading with a phase angle of 90° various different types of crack initiation and growth have been identified.

Reference
ICMFF14-2025-15

Title
Crack growth behavior of steel S235 under proportional and non-proportional fatigue loading
Author(s)
P. Zerres, M. Vormwald
DOI
10.48447/ICMFF14-2025-15
Event
14. International Conference on Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture 2025
Year of publication
2025
Publication type
conference paper (PDF)
Language
English
Keywords
fracture mechanics,fatigue crack growth,non-proportional loading